{"id":1392,"date":"2026-04-01T15:18:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/?p=1392"},"modified":"2026-04-01T15:18:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:18:17","slug":"pqqs-neuroprotective-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/pqqs-neuroprotective-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"New Review: PQQ\u2019s Neuroprotective Effects \u2014 From Mitochondrial Repair to Treating Cerebral Folate Deficiency"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

New Review: PQQ\u2019s Neuroprotective Effects \u2014 From Mitochondrial Repair to Treating Cerebral Folate Deficiency<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"PQQ\u2019s<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

With the acceleration of global population aging, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders continues to rise. Central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and cerebral folate deficiency place a heavy burden on patients, families, and society. Recently, a research team from the University of Toronto\u2019s Faculty of Pharmacy published a comprehensive review in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry<\/em>, systematically elucidating the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)<\/strong> in CNS disorders. The study found that PQQ exhibits significant neuroprotective effects in various models of neurological diseases through a triple mechanism: enhancing mitochondrial function, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and combating oxidative stress.<\/strong> Notably, it offers a novel therapeutic approach for cerebral folate deficiency, a challenging pediatric neurological condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Background: New Hope for Neuroprotection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PQQ is a naturally occurring quinone cofactor found in soil and food, initially identified as an essential coenzyme for bacterial dehydrogenases. Recent studies have revealed that PQQ also plays important physiological roles in mammals. Animal studies indicate that dietary PQQ insufficiency leads to growth retardation and impaired reproductive function.<\/strong> More importantly, PQQ has been shown to possess significant neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. It can improve mitochondrial function, inhibit inflammatory responses, and reduce oxidative stress by activating various signaling pathways, positioning it as a promising candidate compound for treating multiple neurological disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Core Mechanisms: A Triple Protective Action<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Enhancing Mitochondrial Function \u2013 Activating Energy Metabolism<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of cells, and their dysfunction is closely linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. The research reveals that PQQ promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by activating the PGC-1\u03b1 signaling pathway<\/strong>. The specific mechanism involves PQQ acting as a cofactor for lactate dehydrogenase, catalyzing the conversion of NADH to NAD\u207a, thereby increasing NAD\u207a levels. This activates NAD\u207a-dependent SIRT1 and SIRT3<\/strong>. SIRT1\/3 activate PGC-1\u03b1 through deacetylation, which then cooperates with transcription factors like NRF-1 to promote mitochondrial DNA replication and the expression of respiratory chain enzymes, ultimately increasing ATP production and restoring neuronal energy balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In models of Parkinson\u2019s disease, PQQ reversed rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, restored mitochondrial DNA content, and protected dopaminergic neurons. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease models, PQQ improved mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ATP levels, and alleviated cognitive dysfunction. PQQ\u2019s role in enhancing mitochondrial function via the PGC-1\u03b1\/NRF-1 pathway lays a theoretical foundation for its application in various neurological diseases.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Anti-inflammatory Effects \u2013 Inhibiting Microglial Activation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Neuroinflammation is a common pathological feature of many CNS disorders. Studies show that PQQ can significantly inhibit microglial activation and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Its mechanism involves inhibiting the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway<\/strong>, decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6. In LPS-induced neuroinflammation models, PQQ treatment reduced microglial activation and improved neurological function. Its anti-inflammatory effects and promotion of functional recovery have also been demonstrated in models of spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Antioxidant Effects \u2013 Activating Endogenous Defense Systems<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Oxidative stress is a key mechanism of neuronal damage. PQQ\u2019s antioxidant action has a dual nature: on one hand, PQQ itself acts as a free radical scavenger<\/strong>, directly neutralizing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; on the other hand, PQQ can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway<\/strong>, upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes (such as heme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and enhancing the cell\u2019s endogenous antioxidant defense capabilities. In glutamate-induced neurotoxicity models, PQQ treatment significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels, protecting nerve cells from damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clinical Evidence: Improvement in Cognitive Function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Clinical research on PQQ, though still in early stages, has shown promising results. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial involving healthy elderly individuals aged 50-70, supplementation with PQQ (21.5 mg\/day) for 12 consecutive weeks significantly improved immediate memory<\/strong>. Another study showed that BioPQQ (PQQ disodium salt) supplementation improved language function<\/strong> in patients with mild dementia. More recent research found that 12 weeks of PQQ supplementation at 20 mg\/day not only benefited the elderly but also improved cognitive function<\/strong> in healthy young adults aged 20-40. These clinical findings align with the mechanistic studies\u2014PQQ enhances neuronal energy metabolism efficiency by improving blood flow and oxygen metabolism in the prefrontal cortex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Special Application: Therapeutic Potential for Cerebral Folate Deficiency<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cerebral folate deficiency<\/strong> is a rare pediatric neurological disorder caused by low folate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, leading to severe neurological symptoms such as developmental delay, epilepsy, and movement disorders. Existing high-dose folate supplementation often fails to effectively elevate cerebrospinal fluid folate levels. The review highlights PQQ\u2019s therapeutic potential for this specific condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research team discovered that PQQ can upregulate the expression of reduced folate carriers in the blood-brain barrier and brain parenchyma via the PGC-1\u03b1\/NRF-1 pathway<\/strong>, promoting the transport of folate into the CNS. In cellular and animal models of folate deficiency, PQQ treatment was able to reverse neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction<\/strong>, offering a novel strategy for treating cerebral folate deficiency. This finding is significant because it targets the underlying defect in folate transport rather than merely addressing symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Future Outlook: From Bench to Bedside<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

PQQ\u2019s multi-target mechanism of action positions it as a standout molecule in the field of neuroprotection. From mitochondrial repair to inflammation suppression, from antioxidant defense to regulating folate transport<\/strong>, PQQ forms a synergistic neuroprotective network by activating key signaling pathways such as PGC-1\u03b1, inhibiting NF-\u03baB, and inducing Nrf2. However, current clinical studies have limitations, including small sample sizes, short intervention periods, and a lack of data from patient populations. Future larger-scale, rigorously designed clinical trials are needed to determine the optimal dosage, safety, and long-term efficacy of PQQ in different neurological diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This review from the University of Toronto systematically synthesizes the scientific evidence for PQQ\u2019s protective role in the CNS, revealing its triple mechanism of action in enhancing mitochondrial function, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and reducing oxidative stress. Of particular note is PQQ\u2019s therapeutic potential in cerebral folate deficiency, a challenging pediatric disease, offering a new direction for clinical translation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nugene Pharma, based in Shandong, China, is deeply engaged in the field of functional ingredients. Its VigouFull\u00ae PQQ<\/strong> product employs a strict quality control system to ensure high purity and high bioavailability. Serving as a bridge between scientific exploration and industrial translation, VigouFull\u00ae PQQ is committed to providing high-quality raw material support for neurological health.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

New Review: PQQ\u2019s Neuroprotective Effects \u2014 From Mitochondrial Repair to Treating Cerebral Folate Deficiency With the acceleration of global population aging, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders continues to rise. Central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and cerebral folate deficiency place a heavy burden on patients, families, and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nNew Review: PQQ\u2019s Neuroprotective Effects \u2014 From Mitochondrial Repair to Treating Cerebral Folate Deficiency - NuGene Pharma for Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With the acceleration of global population aging, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders continues to rise. 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Its VigouFull\u00ae PQQ product employs a strict quality control system to ensure high purity and high bioavailability. 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Central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and cerebral folate deficiency place a heavy burden on patients, families, and society. Recently, a research team from the University of Toronto\u2019s Faculty of Pharmacy published a comprehensive review in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, systematically elucidating the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in CNS disorders. The study found that PQQ exhibits significant neuroprotective effects in various models of neurological diseases through a triple mechanism: enhancing mitochondrial function, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and combating oxidative stress. Notably, it offers a novel therapeutic approach for cerebral folate deficiency, a challenging pediatric neurological condition. Nugene Pharma, based in Shandong, China, is deeply engaged in the field of functional ingredients. Its VigouFull\u00ae PQQ product employs a strict quality control system to ensure high purity and high bioavailability. Serving as a bridge between scientific exploration and industrial translation, VigouFull\u00ae PQQ is committed to providing high-quality raw material support for neurological health.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/pqqs-neuroprotective-effects\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/pqqs-neuroprotective-effects\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/pqqs-neuroprotective-effects\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"New Review: PQQ\u2019s Neuroprotective Effects \u2014 From Mitochondrial Repair to Treating Cerebral Folate Deficiency"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/","name":"NuGene Pharma for Health","description":"PQQ\u4e28DHA\u4e28SAMe\u4e28CDMO\/CMO","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#organization","name":"NuGene Pharma for Health","url":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nugene-for-health-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/nugene-for-health-logo.png","width":180,"height":60,"caption":"NuGene Pharma for Health"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#\/schema\/person\/cff6fd9d85d503eef94e8a7e732fcb65","name":"nugenesci","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/09f5ac9a3f9cb114b27feb8f0d224206234f857f2178585c4e5f7970c44a0490?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/09f5ac9a3f9cb114b27feb8f0d224206234f857f2178585c4e5f7970c44a0490?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"nugenesci"},"url":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/author\/nugenesci\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"nugenesci","author_link":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/author\/nugenesci\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"New Review: PQQ\u2019s Neuroprotective Effects \u2014 From Mitochondrial Repair to Treating Cerebral Folate Deficiency With the acceleration of global population aging, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders continues to rise. Central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and cerebral folate deficiency place a heavy burden on patients, families, and…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1395,"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1392\/revisions\/1395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/health.nugene.com.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}